The WHO and Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention recommended that children, chronic diseases patients, and the elderly be among the priority groups for influenza vaccination. Immunization has been proven to be one of the most cost-effective health investments to prevent and control influenza, with strong positive externalities, so public intervention is expected to drive vaccine coverage to a socially optimal level. Illness severity and mortality are the greatest in high-risk groups, and so are the associated healthcare costs and productivity losses. The disease burden of seasonal influenza is also substantial in mainland China, with about 88,000 excess deaths occurring annually. As estimated by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2018, the annual epidemics of seasonal influenza caused 3–5 million severe cases and 290,000–650,000 deaths. It is important to adopt targeted interventions for high-risk groups, and this study can help national-level decision-making on the introduction of influenza vaccination as a public health project.Īnnual influenza epidemics result in substantial morbidity and mortality across the globe, with a large share of the total disease burden occurring in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Conclusions: A large economic burden of ILI was highlighted, especially among the elderly with less income and larger medical burdens, as well as children, with higher prevalence and higher self-payment ratio. Two-part regression showed that age, gender, whether the only child in the family, region, and household income were important predictors of ILI economic burden among children, while age, region, place of residence, basic health insurance, and household income were significant predictors of ILI economic burden among chronic disease patients and the elderly.
The average economic burden was CNY 1647 (USD 237.2) for children, CNY 951 (USD 136.9) for chronic disease patients, and CNY 1796 (USD 258.6) for the elderly. Results: There were 45.73% children, 16.77% chronic disease patients, and 12.70% elderly people reporting ILI, and most participants chose outpatient service or over-the-counter (OTC) medication after ILI. The economic burden of ILI consisted of direct (medical or non-medical) and indirect burdens, and a two-part model was adopted to predict the influencing factors of total economic burden. Methods: From August to October 2019, 6668 children’s caregivers, 1735 chronic disease patients, and 3849 elderly people were recruited from 10 provinces in China to participate in an on-site survey. This study aims to examine influenza-like illness (ILI) prevalence, healthcare-seeking behaviors, economic impact of ILI, and its influencing factors among three priority groups during the 2018–19 influenza season.
#CID EPISODE 1350 MOVIE#
The best version, like many movie fans, I hope to see the unexposed footage, let us look forward to it.Background: The disease burden of seasonal influenza is substantial in China, while there is still a lack of nationwide economic burden estimates. The original relevant clips have been deleted, and Manson also explained in a post: "I believe that the current "Anita Mui" is the best match for the director at this stage. This is an experience beyond dreams." Everyone who has watched "Anita Mui" is wondering why there is no Beyond. The text reads: "I am honored to have the opportunity to participate in the movie "Anita Anita" and be my idol.
Ī few days ago, Manson posted a post on IG, and attached two photos of playing Beyond. He has always been accused of looking like Huang Jiaju, of course he is playing Jiaju, and Zhou Hanning in "Teaching Beam" played the younger brother Huang Jiaqiang.
A few days ago, Manson uploaded two styling photos of Beyond on IG. In fact, he was already involved in filming work before participating in "Star Making", including the movie "Anita Mui". Singer Zhang Jinqiao (Manson) has accumulated a lot of fans after participating in "Creation of Stars III".